Our Horse Insurance team are digging-deep into the health of horses’ hooves, highlighting the importance of correct hoof care.
Hooves are incredibly complex, weight-bearing structures that play a critical role in a horse’s overall health and mobility. Have you ever heard of the saying, “No hoof, no horse”? From a newborn foal to a more established horse, correct hoof care is essential for a happy and comfortable horse.
Read our short guide on the fundamentals of hoof care, from daily maintenance to diet and farrier advice.
Why Hoof Care Matters
Healthy hooves support the entire weight of a horse and are vital for movement. Neglecting hoof care can lead to discomfort, lameness and potentially serious conditions.
Regular attention and care from a qualified farrier, coupled with daily maintenance, can help prevent problems and keep your horse’s hooves in peak condition.
A balanced hoof
A horse’s hooves should be even and proportionate to the rest of its body. The hoof should be around 45 to 50 degrees from the ground at the front, and 50 to 55 degrees from the ground to the back.1 Typically, front hooves are slightly larger than hind ones due to bearing more weight.
Farriers and vets frequently emphasise the importance of a balanced hoof, as it is essential for maintaining soundness in a horse. A balanced hoof ensures that all four hooves strike the ground with equal impact, which is crucial for correct movement and overall health.
When a hoof strikes the ground unevenly, such as one heel landing before the other, it can create uneven stress on the foot and potentially also the lower limbs. Over time, this imbalance can disrupt a horse’s gait and reduce mobility.
Hoof Wall
Cracks or uneven lines may indicate poor nutrition or previous conditions such as Laminitis.
Daily hoof care tips
Daily cleaning and “picking out” of the hoof with a hoof pick is essential for hygiene and monitoring for potential issues. Horses should have their hooves picked out at least twice a day as part of their normal routine.To pick out your horse’s hooves, ensure the horse is secure and always make the horse aware of your actions. Run your hand down their leg before lifting the hoof and use a simple command like “up.”
Please look out for the following:
- Look for stones, cracks, or signs of wear on the hoof. You can also purchase a hoof pick with a stiff brush which can be used to dust away mud and general debris. Check for any foreign bodies either in the frog or the sole of the hoof. If there is a nail, or similar object please do not try and pull this out yourself – call your vet immediately as it may be necessary to have an X-ray to check with there has been any damage to the hoof.
- Remember to take care when brushing dirt away from the frog of the foot, this tissue is softer however it should still be firm without any discharge.
- If your horse is shod, check there are no risen clenched, loose or missing nails.
Environmental factors
The climate and environment significantly impact hoof health. For example, wet conditions cause hooves to expand, while dry conditions lead to contraction.
Diet
A balanced diet supports healthy hoof growth. Ensure your horse receives the recommended vitamins and minerals for optimal hoof health.
Underweight horses or those on restricted diets may require specific feeding strategies – please speak to your farrier and vet if you’re looking for further advice.
Maintaining a Clean Environment
Prolonged exposure to wet or dirty conditions can lead to infections like thrush. Ensure:
- Clean Stables: Regular mucking out helps to keep hooves dry and hygienic.
- Field Management: During the winter months, if possible, provide a dry standing area or grass mats to prevent issues in muddy paddocks.
If you suspect your horse has thrush, speak to your farrier or vet for advice to help prevent it from getting worse.
The Importance of a Skilled Farrier
Your farrier is an essential partner in your horse’s hoof care routine:
- Regular Trims: Most horses need farrier visits every 4 - 6 weeks, though barefoot horses may require less frequent trimming.
To find a registered farrier, visit the Farriers Registration Council.
When to Call the Vet
If your horse shows signs of infection or discomfort, such as lameness or changes in behaviour, consult your vet immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent minor issues from escalating.
By following these tips and working closely with your farrier and vet, you can ensure your horse’s hooves remain healthy and strong.
Protect Your Horse from the Ground Up
At SEIB, we understand how crucial healthy hooves are to your horse’s wellbeing. With over 60 years’ experience in horse insurance, we offer policies that support you when health issues arise, because good hoof care is just the start.
1 Bluecross.org.uk